When Expressivity Meets Trainability: Fewer than n Neurons Can Work

Dec 6, 2021

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Modern neural networks are often quite wide, causing large memory and computation costs. It is thus of great interest to train a narrower network. However, training narrow neural nets remains a challenging task. We ask two questions: Can narrow networks have as strong expressivity as wide ones? If so, does the loss function exhibit a benign landscape? In this work, we provide partially affirmative answers to both questions for 1-hidden-layer networks with fewer than n (sample size) neurons. First, we prove that as long as the width m ≥2 n/d (where d is the input dimension), then its expressivity is strong, i.e., there exists at least one global minimizer with zero training loss. Second, we identify a nice local region with no local-min or saddles. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether gradient descent can stay in this nice region. Third, we consider a constrained optimization formulation where the feasible region is the local nice region, and prove that every KKT point is a nearly global minimizer. It is expected that projected gradient methods converge to KKT points under mild technical conditions, but we leave the rigorous convergence analysis to future work. Our simulation shows that projected gradient methods on this constrained formulation significantly outperform SGD for training narrow neural nets.

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