Jul 24, 2023
We consider learning in an adversarial Markov Decision Process (MDP) where the loss functions can change arbitrarily over K episodes and the state space can be arbitrarily large. We assume that the Q-function of any policy is linear in some known features, that is, a linear function approximation exists. The best existing regret upper bound for this setting (Luo et al., 2021) is of order πͺΜ(K^2/3) (omitting all other dependencies), given access to a simulator. This paper provides two algorithms that improve the regret to πͺΜ(β(K)) in the same setting. Our first algorithm makes use of a refined analysis of the Follow-the-Regularized-Leader (FTRL) algorithm with the log-barrier regularizer. This analysis allows the loss estimators to be arbitrarily negative and might be of independent interest. Our second algorithm develops a magnitude-reduced loss estimator, further removing the polynomial dependency on the number of actions in the first algorithm and leading to the optimal regret bound (up to logarithmic terms and dependency on the horizon). Moreover, we also extend the first algorithm to simulator-free linear MDPs, which achieves πͺΜ(K^8/9) regret and greatly improves over the best existing bound πͺΜ(K^14/15). This algorithm relies on a better alternative to the Matrix Geometric Resampling procedure by Neu Olkhovskaya (2020), which could again be of independent interest.
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